Publications Of The Society For Pennsylvania Archaeology, V1. Appendix By Gladys Tantaquidgeon.

During the Cold War, the United Nations developed the mission termed "peacekeeping" to help manage conflict. These peace operations helped save millions of lives, prevented conflicts from escalating, and provided an environment for the political settlement of disputes despite the superpower conflict. In the aftermath of the Cold War, the United Nations found itself freer to act than at any time in its history, and the demands placed on the organization quickly outstripped its ability to cope. This thesis examines the role of regional organizations in the conduct of peacekeeping. It asks if the international community's singular focus on the United Nations as the vehicle for peacekeeping prevented the regional organizations from contributing more to international security. Furthermore, if the regional organizations could contribute significantly to international peace, then what role should the Defense Department play in supporting these efforts?Regional organizations have conducted peacekeeping operations in the past with mixed results. This thesis examines the intervention by the Organization of American States (OAS) into the Dominican Republic in 1965, the OAS role in the Central American peace process in the late 1980s, and the intervention by the Economic Community of West African States into Liberia in 1990. These operations illustrate several salient features of regional organizations conducting peacekeeping.This study concludes that in order for peacekeepers to achieve their mandate, it is critical to possess strong political will and a minimum of operational support. Furthermore, regional organizations run the gamut in both political will and operational capability. Their performance indicates that when their national interests are at stake, the regionals demonstrate the required political will to persevere in a mission. Furthermore, they indicate an increasingly strong determination to participate in peacekeeping missions.

During the cold war, the United Nations (UN) developed the mission termedpeacekeeping to help manage conflict. These peace operations helped save millions oflives, prevented conflicts from escalating, and provided an environment for thepolitical settlement of disputes despite the superpower conflict. In the aftermath ofthe cold war, the UN found itself freer to act than at any time in its history, and thedemands placed on the organization quickly outstripped its ability to cope. Thisstudy examines the role of regional organizations in the conduct of peacekeeping. Itasks if the international community's singular focus on the UN as the vehicle forpeacekeeping prevented the regional organizations from contributing more tointernational security. Furthermore, if the regional organizations could contributesignificantly to international peace, then what role should the Department ofDefense (DOD) play in supporting these efforts? Regional organizations have conducted peacekeeping operations in the past withmixed results. This study examines the intervention by the Organization ofAmerican States (OAS) into the Dominican Republic in 1965, the OAS role in theCentral American peace process in the late 1980s, and the intervention by theEconomic Community of West African States into Liberia in 1990. These operationsillustrate several salient features of regional organizations conducting peacekeeping.

This study concludes that in order for peacekeepers to achieve their mandate, it is critical to possess strong political will and a minimum of operational support. Furthermore, regional organizations run the gamut in both political will and operational capability. Their performance indicates that when their national interests are at stake, the regionals demonstrate the required political will to persevere in a mission. Furthermore, they indicate an increasingly strong determination to participate in peacekeeping missions. They understand that a positive correlation exists between regional political stability and economic growth, and they appear ready to build an environment that fosters such growth. However, a gap exists between their political will and operational capability. This gap should be remedied by a United States (US) strategy that recognizes regional organizations as the second tier in an international community that may contribute to international peace. This study recommends that the DOD and other US agencies support and encourage regional organizations to bear more of the peacekeeping burden, either independently or as a partner with the UN. DOD should actively support the improvement of these organizations' capabilities to conduct peacekeeping operations through a comprehensive strategy that builds on the activities taking place on the bilateral level and within the combatant commands. Strengthening regional organizations can ameliorate the burden of being the world's remaining superpower, leverage the US leadership position, and further US national interests.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Roll up, roll up for a trip back in time to the heyday of the circus! Originally published in 1936, Circus Parade shows the big top at its most exciting: a world of expert horse-riders, death-defying trapeze artists, elastic acrobats, fearless lion-tamers and, of course, hilarious and loveable clowns. The author, John S Clarke, had many years' circus experience and understood its people and way of life like no other. As well as explaining the origins of the circus in Roman and medieval times and highlighting some of the most celebrated acts through history, he reveals the fascinating and sometimes tragic stories behind the glitz and sawdust of the big top. Illustrated with numerous photos of circus performers in action, Circus Parade offers a unique ringside view of this traditional yet ever-changing entertainment.